Database Languages

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  <p class="sql-eyebrow">SQL Command Categories</p>
  <h2 class="sql-title">The 5 Languages Inside SQL</h2>

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    {
      abbr: 'DDL', full: 'Data Definition Language',
      intro: 'Deals with database schemas — describing how data should reside in the database.',
      commands: [
        ['CREATE', 'Create a database and its objects — tables, indexes, views, procedures, functions, triggers.'],
        ['ALTER', 'Alters the structure of an existing database.'],
        ['DROP', 'Delete objects from the database.'],
        ['TRUNCATE', 'Remove all records from a table, including the space allocated for them.'],
        ['COMMENT', 'Add comments to the data dictionary.'],
        ['RENAME', 'Rename an object.']
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      abbr: 'DML', full: 'Data Manipulation Language',
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      commands: [
        ['SELECT', 'Retrieve data from a database.'],
        ['INSERT', 'Insert data into a table.'],
        ['UPDATE', 'Update existing data within a table.'],
        ['DELETE', 'Delete records from a database table.'],
        ['MERGE', 'Upsert operation — insert if new, update if it already exists.'],
        ['CALL', 'Call a PL/SQL or Java subprogram.'],
        ['EXPLAIN PLAN', 'Show the interpretation of the data access path.'],
        ['LOCK TABLE', 'Concurrency control over a table.']
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    {
      abbr: 'DCL', full: 'Data Control Language',
      intro: 'Manages access permissions, controlling who can perform which actions on the database.',
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        ['REVOKE', 'Removes previously granted permissions from a user.']
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      abbr: 'TCL', full: 'Transaction Control Language',
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      commands: [
        ['ROLLBACK', 'Undoes changes made during a transaction.'],
        ['COMMIT', 'Saves all changes made during a transaction.'],
        ['SAVEPOINT', 'Sets a point within a transaction that you can later roll back to.']
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      abbr: 'DQL', full: 'Data Query Language',
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